[Naxalite Maoist India] India will soon become's Asia's Greece

It's seems like Chidambaram has emerged as a one man army fighting the Maoists. After having caused substantial damage to the Maoist movement as the Home Minister and plotting the assassination of many of it's leaders, he has now moved on to become the Finance Minister where his immediate priority is to prevent the collapse of the Indian economy.

A further deterioration in economic indicators over the next few years will definitely benefit the Maoists unless Chidu thinks he can save this sinking ship ?

The question remains how much control does Chidambaram have and what tools will he use to prevent the collapse of the Indian economy ?

India, Greed GDP Growth rate comparisons. 

Policy hurdles may make India Asia's Greece: Aditya Puri, MD & CEO, HDFC Bank


India will miss its best opportunity to fish in troubled international waters and faces the spectre of becoming Asia's Greece if coal, fiscal deficit and land acquisition issues are not fixed, said the chief executive of the nation's most valuable bank.

Permitting FDI in retail and insurance would help the economy on the margins, but not take India back to 8% economic growth rate; politicians burying differences and parliamentarians getting their act together will, he said. "FDI in retail and insurance is not the big-bang reform," Aditya Puri, CEO of HDFC Bank, told ET in an interview ( Address basics & things will fall in Place: Puri) before Friday's announcements.

"If you tell me one Walmart coming into India will solve your agriculture problems and issues about cold chain, production, irrigation and distribution, then you must be living in a cuckoo land." Puri joins the chorus of corporate giants such as Kumar Mangalam Birla and Adi Godrej, who are demanding that politicians address national issues which are dragging the economy down. Legislation has been stalled by the Opposition over the Coalgate scandal.

"They should address the fiscal deficit problem, resolve the coal issue, introduce transparent and clear policies on land acquisition, mining rights and other environmental issues, and bring in accountability of the government and public sector," Puri said.

Sounding a note of caution, he said, "If you continue living like this, we will have problems like Greece...If you carry on like this, you are headed towards disaster." "The whole world has problems they don't know how to fix. By God's grace, we know how to fix the problem, we're just not doing it."


Source :

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-17/news/33902794_1_aditya-puri-land-acquisition-fiscal-deficit

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/20/2012 12:29:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Challenges for Parlimentary Left in India - Praful Bidwai

It seems like Bidwai has taken a tip or two from SYRIZA's success in Greece.

Challenges for the Left in India 

By PRAFUL BIDWAI

The Left parties can reverse their decline and strengthen themselves only through candid self-criticism and by returning to mass work.

MEMBERS OF THE CPI(M) and activists protesting in Mangalore on August 27 against corruption in the city's corporation. The Left's presence in mass movements and grass-roots mobilisations on people's livelihood issues, while still substantial, has decreased.

THE mainstream Indian Left, which has contributed richly to the nation's social and political life for over 80 years, today finds itself in crisis and decline. The Left – the Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Communist Party of India, the Revolutionary Socialist Party, the CPI (ML-Liberation) and other smaller parties – successfully withstood the collapse of the Soviet Union and the global and domestic onslaught of neoliberalism and even grew in strength for almost two decades. This was a remarkable achievement given that many communist parties elsewhere in the world disintegrated.

However, the Indian Left has suffered numerous setbacks and reverses in recent years. These manifest themselves not only in its reduced parliamentary strength (down from 61 to 24 seats in the Lok Sabha), an electoral rout in West Bengal after 34 years, and a narrow defeat in Kerala, but, more importantly, in its declining national influence, prestige, moral-political authority, internal morale, and ability to forge a radical alternative to bourgeois politics, besides some weakening of Left unity.

Put starkly, the Left faces a number of crises and challenges: an ideological-programmatic crisis, a crisis in defining its policies vis-a-vis the state and ruling classes and in formulating political mobilisation strategies, and an organisational crisis, including factionalism and alienation of cadres.

The Left's presence in mass movements and grass-roots mobilisations on people's livelihood issues, while still substantial, has decreased. It is not taking up with enough vigour and tenacity burning issues such as gross income and wealth inequalities, which have reached obscene proportions in India, or the grave agrarian crisis, which has led to 250,000 farmers' suicides. Its influence within the progressive intelligentsia is also on the wane.

Regrettably, this is happening just when global capitalism is in deep crisis, neoliberalism has proved utterly bankrupt, and popular disenchantment with the Indian state is at its peak. It is of the utmost importance for the health of Indian democracy that the Left resolves its crises and rejuvenates itself.

After all, it is the only current in mainstream politics which has a deep commitment to India's underprivileged and an agenda of egalitarian social transformation. As this column has argued for two decades, if the Left did not exist in India, we would have to reinvent it. This must be done on a firmly Marxist foundation.

Many of these issues were discussed between top Left party leaders, eminent progressive intellectuals and civil society activists at a seminar organised by the Council for Social Development in New Delhi on August 8, which this writer coordinated. Although no overarching consensus emerged, this was the first dialogue of its kind, which all the 120 participants welcomed, not least because it highlighted the challenges facing the Left in a constructive, non-sectarian manner.

I also visited Kerala in mid-August to deliver the C. Achutha Menon Birth Centenary Lecture and met a good cross section of Left leaders, cadres and scholars in Thrissur, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram with whom I discussed the state of the Left.

What follows is partially based on these two rounds of discussion, besides my own political orientation and analysis. In part, it is also a somewhat expansive wish list, albeit from a well-wisher.

Consider a few propositions.

Ideologically, the Left is the sole consistent opponent of neoliberal policies in India's mainstream political spectrum. This opposition must be reflected more adequately than it currently is in its own policies and practices, especially at the State level. More crucially, the Left must recognise and emphasise the cardinal truth that the neoliberal state is fundamentally authoritarian and must necessarily dispossess people and suppress or limit their social, economic and civil-political rights.

Opposing neoliberalism effectively thus also means fighting the Indian state, which is becoming increasingly repressive, and defending the citizen's fundamental rights and liberties. This poses two dilemmas for the Left. How can it play a dual role as a party of governance (if only in a few States) and as a national party of opposition without the risk of being seen as part of the Indian establishment and partly losing consistency or credibility? Second, how can the Left achieve a balance between parliamentary politics and the politics of mass mobilisation to further its cause, which goes beyond capturing provincial power?

Resolving these dilemmas demands creative theorising and imaginative praxis. The Left can rise to these and the other challenges it faces only if it enunciates a distinctly emancipatory vision of social transformation based on Marxism, offers a cogent alternative to neoliberal economic and retrograde social policies, fights for an egalitarian income policy and income and wealth redistribution through higher taxes on the rich, devises innovative political mobilisation strategies, and widens its appeal by participating in struggles on issues that deeply concern working people.

To do this, the Left needs to update its analysis of Indian society and evolve a contemporary vision of development and relate this to its political programmes and policies. It must also develop a sharp analysis of the causes of the setbacks it has recently suffered, including through the social and economic policies pursued by its State governments, and its deficiencies in providing alternative perspectives and creating a pole of attraction for the classes and social groups it seeks to represent.

This calls for a number of changes, including a shift away from a literal belief in the inevitable development of the productive forces and the idea of a "two-stage" revolution. This is itself rooted in the axiom that India is some kind of semi-feudal semi-colonial society, rather than a capitalist one, even if it is a backward, poverty-stricken capitalist society that incorporates oppressive forms of gender and caste hierarchy and social exploitation, classically associated with pre-modern societies, into the bourgeois economic and social relations that prevail today.

This is not an academic distinction. Different characterisations of the state and the ruling class lead to divergent priorities, strategies and social coalitions. The central task before the Left is to oppose and weaken Indian capitalism and the neoliberal state while empowering working people to make inroads into, and eventually take over, governance structures to radicalise them along socialist lines.

This means combining a range of transitional demands based on a comprehensive charter of rights, which reflect mass aspirations for a life with human dignity, with a transformative politics and relating day-to-day mass struggles to that larger long-term goal.

Equally necessary is a rejection of the presumed inevitability and intrinsic desirability of industrialisation, especially along the classical Western pattern, which can lead to slippage into an "industrialisation at any cost" position.

This approach was at least partly responsible for the land acquisition and industrial promotion policies followed in West Bengal by the Left Front since 2006, which led to the Singur and Nandigram disasters and to the neglect of vital social agendas, reflected in the State's slipping or stagnant human development indices.

Closely tied up with this is the dominant view of nature and natural resources as externalities rather than as something central or pivotal to an alternative radical perspective which makes a clean break with GDPism and incorporates environmental protection into development and social transformation agendas.

The Left has to "green" itself and address issues such as climate change and defence of the commons (common property resources) not just in global terms, which emphasise differential North-South responsibilities. It must do so domestically, too, in ways that conventional thinking simply cannot do and acknowledge that ecologically India's growth trajectory is profoundly unsound. These issues must become organic to the Left's emancipatory development vision.

True, the Left has shed its obsession with "development" of the productive forces counterposed to environmental protection, which was evident in its support for the Silent Valley project in the 1970s and its suspicion of the radical environmental movements of the 1980s and 1990s.

The Left does recognise neoliberal capitalism's depredations and plunder of natural resources. But it has still not made ecology a central component of the development model it advocates. Even after Fukushima, the growing popular opposition to nuclear energy worldwide – inherently accident-prone and fraught with radiation and intractable problems of storing wastes that remain hazardous for thousands of years – and the emergence of safe, climate-friendly and cost-effective renewable alternatives, the Left still maintains a largely ambivalent position on nuclear power.

The Left has a unique opportunity to bring ecology centre stage amidst the explosion of grass-roots mobilisations in virtually every Indian State against destructive irrigation, power and industrial projects and on the issue of control over land, water, minerals and other natural resources. It must participate wholeheartedly in these and take on board their concerns to broaden its own agendas.

Above all, the Left should include these issues in a charter of people's rights to the fulfilment of their basic needs and aspirations, including equitable provision of food, water, employment and social security, universal good-quality health care, education, energy and other public services.

Besides outlining such programmatic perspectives and strategies as an integral part of a humane politics which empowers working people, the Left can greatly gain in credibility and popular acceptance by developing sector-wise alternatives on issues such as land, water and shelter rights, equitable access to energy sources, sustainable agriculture, rural job generation, urban development, ecologically sound housing, transportation, neighbourhood schools, culture, and egalitarian education and skill-generation programmes.

Equally important are issues such as pensions for the old, special programmes for unorganised workers, and affirmative action in favour of underprivileged, dispossessed and marginalised groups, including single-women-led households and homeless people, besides religious and ethnic minorities.

Central to such a comprehensive charter or grand agenda would be a programme of combating gender discrimination and fighting for women's rights, which goes beyond equal wages or 33 per cent political reservation and which recognises that patriarchy is a critical and integral component of the entire system of social oppression on which Indian capitalism is based. Fighting patriarchy cannot be left to the future; it must be integrated into the Left's core agenda.

No less important are the "old" issues of caste, religion, ethnicity, tribal identity and regionalism, which the Left has self-confessedly neglected, and certainly not theorised to generate a multifaceted understanding of Indian reality. Some of these issues have been muddied by identity politics and its emotive appeal. But that makes it all the more pressing for the Left to address them in both theory and practice.

Of critical importance here would be a sustained, continuous dialogue between the Left parties and radical/progressive scholars and social activists devoted to expanding people's rights and entitlements to a humane existence. A substantial base of knowledge, analysis and insight exists among the latter, from which the Left stands to gain handsomely through such interaction.

Among the "emerging" issues the Left must grapple with are the new authoritarian and communal structures growing within the Indian state as it evolves an Islamophobic "counterterrorism" strategy and deludes itself that "left-wing extremism is India's greatest internal security threat" and then uses a militarist approach to deal with it.

Militarisation of state and governance in India's tribal heartland, where the bulk of the country's mineral and forest resources are located, is a great menace to democracy, perhaps greater than the crises in Kashmir or the north-eastern region were at their peak. Closely connected with militarism is nuclearism, or the government's growing addiction to nuclear weapons and its tight embrace of nuclear deterrence, a doctrine India rightly described for half a century as "morally repugnant" and strategically irrational.

The Left must resolutely oppose militarism and actively return to the principled nuclear disarmament agenda it adopted after the Pokhran-II tests in 1998 but which it did not quite pursue during the 2005-08 debate on the United States-India nuclear deal.

Another battle the Left has to wage is over the belligerent and chauvinist nationalism growing in India, based on hubris and domination and on a perverse notion of Indian exceptionalism, which deeply influences our ultra-individualist middle-class elite. This nationalism is located in a Hobbesian world view where might always prevails and nations forever compete fiercely; they never cooperate.

The Left will not find it easy to radically transform its theoretical framework, analysis of strategic issues and its political practices given the indifferent or poor culture of internal (and external) debate that prevails in its organisation. Underpinning this is the doctrine of democratic centralism, interpreted along Stalinist lines, which stifles free debate. There has also been an erosion of the quality of discussion in party forums in relation to the 1950s or even the late 1970s.

If the Left wants to overcome its decline, it will have to reaffirm a firmly Marxist orientation but rethink the political framework, or paradigm, within which it works. It will have to swallow the bitter pill of painfully candid self-criticism and admission of strategic errors, theoretical inadequacies and flawed practices through open and free debate. Without such debate, there can be no course correction and stemming of the Left's decline.

One last word: "Beyond the Obvious" will go beyond the visible range in these pages. But it will continue to fight in other forums for the ideas and causes it has championed since 1993.

Source :

http://www.frontlineonnet.com/stories/20120921291811800.htm

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/20/2012 12:05:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Prakash Jha blackmailed to include Anti-Maoist Propoganda in Chakravyuh

It is reliably learnt that the Indian Censor Board has refused to clear the film Chakravyuh for taking a pro-maoist stance and has threatened to block it's release unless the director Prakash Jha in-corporates the Government's Anti-Maoist Propaganda in the film.

The Home Ministry fears that a sympathetic portrayal of the CPI(Maoist) cadre and leaders in the film Chakravyuh could inspire thousands of urban and rural youth to join the armed insurrection.

With no option left, the director of the film Chakravyuh has started re-shooting several parts of the film. Let's hope he is able to resist the pressure from the censor board.

Chakravyuh shoot not yet over 

Just about a month to go before the release of film - Chakravyuh, director Prakash Jha along with cast members Arjun Rampal and Esha Gupta are headed back to Bhopal. Sources say that Jha would be filming in Bhopal next week for some much needed 'patch work', just ahead of scheduled release on October 24. 

Sources say that the 'patch work' is considered significant for Jha's new film which seeks to explore the Naxal problem. The film has already run into trouble with the censors over a song and its intentional resemblance to real-life characters and incidents. 

Chakravyuh is scheduled for an international release on October 24. Only a few cast and crew are expected to return for filming next week, with the schedule limited to Bhopal.

Source : http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-16/bhopal/33879853_1_chakravyuh-prakash-jha-esha-gupta

Chakravyuh Poster 

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/20/2012 11:47:00 AM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Savarna's LOL and make mockery of Tribal Rights in Orissa

While the CMAS is doing commendable work clawing back tribal lands one inch, one acre at a time in Orissa , the Savarna's with one stroke of the pen have made a laughing stock of these avarna's.

Sabar Tribals protesting against Savarna Colonizers. 

Sabar tribe, who lost their tribal status in government documents demanded status back

BHUBANESWAR: People belonging to the Sabar tribe, who have lost their tribal status after being errorneouly spelt as 'Saara' in government documents have demanded the status back.

They alleged that since there is restriction on sale and purchase of land from tribals, the state government officials have intentionally mentioned them as 'Saara' which is a general caste so that land can be bought from these tribals. 

But this error has deprived them of their constitutional right as a tribal community, said Madhaba Chandra Dehuri, state president of Nilamadhab Adivasi Sabar Sangh. "While father belongs to 'Sabar' community, how can his son become a 'Saara'. Nowhere in any document there was a mention of Saara caste, but all of a sudden in different land documents they mentioned the caste to favour a few moneyed people.

Hundreds of innocent people have been paying the price for a spelling mistake in record rights," said secretary of the Sangha Prafulla Kumar Nayak. The people of the community have submitted several memoranda to the Governor and chief minister demanding immediate correction in the land right records, which has been causing immense problems to them.

Source : http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-21/bhubaneswar/33304122_1_tribal-status-sabar-tribe-saara

This is not a new phenomeon...

Tribals lose common utility area
http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/other-states/article2328642.ece

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/10/2012 12:02:00 AM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Mehngai - A song from the movie Chakravyuh

Link to video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbK81CusAOM

Chakravyuh song in censor trouble

Prakash Jha's upcoming political thriller Chakravyuh starring Arjun Rampal, Abhay Deol, Esha Gupta, Manoj Bajpayee, Kabir Bedi and Anjali Patil seems to have run into censor trouble. The reason being a song that has lyrics which go 'Tata, Birla, Ambani Aur Bata, Sab Ne Hai Desh Ko Kaata', sung by Kailash Kher and picturised on Abhay Deol.

Apparently, the members of the Censor Board did not pass the song because they felt it was a personal attack on the country's industrialists and intended to defame them. In fact just last week, the track was rejected by the examining committee and later the review committee once again rejected the track citing the same reason.

Meanwhile, on the other hand, Prakash Jha argues that though the song contains the names of the industrialists, they have been used to represent a certain mindset and not target any of them.

However, it was only post the makers agreed to put a disclaimer stating that the names have been used symbolically and are not meant to cause any harm or disrespect to any individual or brand, did the censors pass the song.

Chakravyuh releases this Dusshera on October 24.

Source : http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Chakravyuh-song-in-censor-trouble/Article1-926026.aspx

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/09/2012 11:36:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Lawyers fighting cases of accused Maoists face Harrasment

Lawyers who represent terror suspects often end up being seriously harassed, discovers Sonia Sarkar

Backlash: Lawyer Anjali Waghmare, whose house was attacked after she took up the case of Ajmal Kasab, the prime accused in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attack

Director Anurag Kashyap's forthcoming film Shahid, which tells the story of slain lawyer Shahid Azmi, is set to be screened at the Toronto Film Festival next month. Around the same time, Azmi's lawyer brother Khalid will be fighting for justice for him before the Bombay High Court.

Shahid Azmi was shot dead by three gunmen in his chamber in a Mumbai suburb in 2010 — two years after he took up the case of 26/11 co-accused Fahim Ansari. He had also represented many Muslim boys accused of being involved in the Ghatkopar blasts (2003), Malegaon blasts (2006) and Mumbai's 7/11 (2006). That's not all. Azmi had taken up the cases of 64 suspected operatives of the Indian Mujahideen (IM) involved in the Ahmedabad terror strikes in 2008.

"Four months before his death, he told me that there would be attempts to murder him. But he continued to fight for the accused," says his brother Khalid Azmi.

Shahid Azmi is not the only one who has suffered — in his case with fatal consequences — for having chosen to defend terror suspects. In fact, such is the backlash against them — from society, from fundamentalist groups and even from the police — that getting a lawyer to represent those allegedly linked to terrorist and Maoist activities is becoming more and more difficult.

Take the case of Abdul Shakeel Pasha, who was arrested in Delhi in 2010 on charges of alleged links to Maoists. He languished in a Surat jail for three months before senior advocate Kirit Panwala came to his rescue.

"Before Panwala, four lawyers refused to take up the case," says Pasha, who runs a non government organisation called Haq in Delhi. Though he got bail six months after his arrest, his case is still on.

Section 304 of the Code of Criminal Procedure lays down that the state shall provide legal aid to the accused in certain cases. But experts point out that in most cases, the legal aid provided to terror suspects is perfunctory. "Often, lawyers don't take the trouble of meeting the accused in jail. They barely investigate the case and the accused do not get a fair representation in court," says Bilaspur-based senior advocate Sudha Bharadwaj.

Of course, one reason for the lack of interest in representing these undertrials is that the state pays a pittance to defence lawyers — a sum of Rs 1,500 to Rs 5,000. "If the government can pay Rs 30,000 to Rs 1 lakh to a public prosecutor, why can't this be paid to a lawyer who represents the accused," asks senior advocate Colin Gonsalves of Human Rights Law Network, a lawyers' collective that takes up human rights cases.

However, the few who do try to defend terror suspects to the best of their abilities complain that the environment is not at all conducive for them to work freely.

"Our photographs and identity cards are taken away by the police before we are allowed to meet the accused. We are treated like criminals," says Bharadwaj.

A Human Rights Watch report titled The 'Anti Nationals' on the detention and torture of terrorism suspects in India released in February this year too states that when lawyers met suspects in jail "police in some cases unlawfully remained within earshot, making it difficult for the detainees to reveal abuse or seek counsel."

In Chhattisgarh, where there are many Maoist-related cases, lawyers represent ing the accused are often harassed by the police. In 2009, one tribal lawyer, Alban Toppo, was allegedly beaten up by the police for taking up the case of human rights activist Kopa Kunjam who was arrested on murder charges.

Another senior Chhattisgarh lawyer, Amarnath Pandey, has been charged with sedition and 12 other criminal cases since 2000. Pandey had taken up a fake encounter case. "The state targets such lawyers as they don't want the voice of the accused to be heard in court," he alleges.

However, Chhattisgarh government spokesperson Baijendra Kumar denies these charges. "The state has no reason to target lawyers. If any illegal action is being taken against them, the state is answerable to the court."

But charges of discrimination against lawyers who defend terror suspects are too numerous to be dismissed outright. Cuttack's Pratima Das, who represented many villagers with alleged "Maoists" links, was arrested on charges of sedition and attempt to murder in 2008. She was acquitted only after having spent two years in jail. She has now filed a petition in Cuttack High Court, demanding a compensation of Rs 20 lakh from the state.

Harassment of such defence lawyers is common in Kashmir too. When senior advocates Miyan Abdul Qayoom and G.N. Shaheen took up the cases of young boys arrested on charges of stone pelting in 2010, both were arrested under the Public Safety Act and had to spend almost nine months in jail.

It is not state bodies alone that tend to make things tough for these lawyers. Often, they face flak from their own fraternity as well. Senior Lucknow lawyers Mohammed Shoaib and A.M. Faridi faced the wrath of their colleagues when they took up the cases of several of those accused in serial blasts in Lucknow and Faizabad in 2007. Earlier, various bar associations across UP had passed a resolution that no lawyer would defend the accused in terrorism cases.

"Lawyers called me 'a terrorist' and started beating me up. My clothes were ripped off and I was paraded in the court campus in my undergarments," says Shoaib, recalling the treatment meted out to him in 2008 in a Lucknow court complex. Two years later, the Bar Council of Uttar Pradesh apologised to him in writing.

When lawyers defy such bans, they are attacked by political parties too. After 26/11, the Mumbai Metropolitan Magistrate Bar Association passed a resolution not to defend 26/11 accused Ajmal Kasab. Despite that, Anjali Waghmare took up his case, following which her house was allegedly attacked by Shiv Sainiks.

Again, in 2010 the Mumbai High Court ordered the Maharashtra State Legal Aid Services Authority to appoint criminal Lawyers Amin Solkar and Farhana Shah for Kasab. Shah was promptly labelled "anti-national" — even though he had been appointed by the court. "Many lawyers have asked me to leave the case but I didn't because I saw Kasab as just another client," says Shah, who is also the defence counsel for the accused in the Mumbai blasts of 1993.

A laudable sentiment. But if lawyers continue to be harassed for carrying out their professional duty, how many will have the resilience to defend terror suspects?

Is the government listening?

Source : http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120829/jsp/opinion/story_15910815.jsp#.UEzXHY3iaBp

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/09/2012 11:28:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Cartoonist Aseem Trivedi Arrested for Cartoons on Parliamentary Democracy

The arrest of cartoonist Asim Trivedi today marks a new low in the undeclared emergency prevalent in large parts of India.

Given below are his cartoons which depict nothing more than the general opinion of middle class public.

Source : http://kractivist.wordpress.com/2012/09/04/indian-cartoonist-aseem-trivedi/

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/09/2012 11:04:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Neutrality Quote- Desmond Tutu

"If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. If an elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse and you say that you are neutral, the mouse will not appreciate your neutrality." - Bishop Desmond Tutu

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/01/2012 11:36:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Wartorn -1861-2010 - Documentary on PTSD

With suicide rates among active military servicemen and veterans currently on the rise, the HBO special WARTORN 1861-2010 brings urgent attention to the invisible wounds of war.

Drawing on personal stories of American soldiers whose lives and psyches were torn asunder by the horrors of battle and PTSD, the documentary chronicles the lingering effects of combat stress and post-traumatic stress on military personnel and their families throughout American history, from the Civil War through today's conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

 

Link - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tTNAv1Un8A

Know more about the Documentary

http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/wartorn-1861-2010/index.html

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/01/2012 11:28:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Treatment of Psychological Wounds - PTSD

In 2010, Open Magazine carried an article about The Lady Naxals of Dandakaranya. The article had a paragraph which reveals that some of the Maoist cadre/supporters have deep untreated psychological wounds.

A night before arriving at the camp, we have halted at an Adivasi hut along with the Maoist squad.  Under the influence of mahua, or maybe in spite of the intoxicant, the Adivasi begins to cry after some time as he forces a few morsels of rice down his throat. 

"Why are you crying?" Maoist squad leader Samayya asks him in Gondi. 

"I feel like crying," he replies.

Wounds can be physical or psychological, the adivasi in the above paragraph could be suffering from PTSD.

A manual on PTSD is posted below for the benefit of Human Rights Activists and Social Workers who interact with war combatants and people suffering from mass trauma.

Related Article : 

Suicides killing more Indian soldiers than wars

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 

A booklet from The National Institute of Mental Health for the diagnosis and treatment of PTSD can be downloaded at the link below :

https://sites.google.com/site/naxalrevolution/nimh_ptsd_booklet.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

The contents of the above pdf file are reproduced below :

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)


A manual published by the National Institute of Mental Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

PTSD can lead to permanent brain damage and impairment of higher cognitive functions.

Contents

• What is post traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD?
• 
  
• Who gets PTSD?
• 
  
• What are the symptoms of PTSD?
• 
  
• Do children react differently than adults?
• 
  
• How is PTSD detected?
• 
  
• Why do some people get PTSD and other people do not?
• 
  
• How is PTSD treated?
• 
  
• Psychotherapy
• 
  
• Medications
• 
  
• Other medications
• 
  
• Treatment after mass trauma
• 
  
• What efforts are under way to improve the detection and treatment of PTSD?
• 
  
• How can I help a friend or relative who has PTSD?
• 
  
• How can I help myself?
• 
  
• Where can I go for help?
• 
  
• What if I or someone I know is in crisis?
• 
  
• Citations  

What is  post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD?

PTSD is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or living through a dangerous event.

When in danger, it's natural to feel afraid. This fear trig­ gers many split-second changes in the body to prepare to defend against the danger or to avoid it. This "fight-or-flight" response is a healthy reaction meant to protect a person from harm. But in PTSD, this reaction is changed or damaged. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened even when they're no longer in danger.

Who gets PTSD?

Anyone can get PTSD at any age. This includes war veterans and survivors of physical and sexual assault, abuse, accidents, disasters, and many other serious events.

Not everyone with PTSD has been through a dangerous event. Some people get PTSD after a friend or family member experiences danger or is harmed. The sud­ den, unexpected death of a loved one can also cause PTSD.

What are the symptoms of PTSD?

PTSD can cause many symptoms. These symptoms can be grouped into three categories:

1. Re-experiencing symptoms:

•   Flashbacks—reliving the trauma over and over, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating

•   Bad dreams

•   Frightening thoughts.

Re-experiencing symptoms may cause problems in a person's everyday routine. They can start from the person's own thoughts and feelings. Words, objects, or situations that are reminders of the event can also trigger re-experiencing.

2.  Avoidance symptoms: 

•   Staying away from places, events, or objects that are reminders of the experience

•   Feeling emotionally numb

•   Feeling strong guilt, depression, or worry

•   Losing interest in activities that were enjoyable in the past

•   Having trouble remembering the dangerous event.

Things that remind a person of the traumatic event can trigger avoidance symptoms. These symptoms may cause a person to change his or her personal routine. For example, after a bad car accident, a person who usually drives may avoid driving or riding in a car.

3. Hyperarousal symptoms:

•   Being easily startled

•   Feeling tense or "on edge"

•   Having difficulty sleeping, and/or having angry outbursts.

Hyperarousal symptoms are usually constant, instead of being triggered by things that remind one of the traumatic event. They can make the person feel stressed and angry. These symptoms may make it hard to do daily tasks, such as sleeping, eating, or concentrating.

It's natural to have some of these symptoms after a dangerous event. Sometimes people have very serious symptoms that go away after a few weeks. This is called acute stress disorder, or ASD. When the symptoms last more than a few weeks and become an ongoing problem, they might be PTSD. Some people with PTSD don't show any symptoms for weeks or months.

Do children react differently than adults?

Children and teens can have extreme reactions to trauma, but their symptoms may not be the same as adults. In very young children, these symptoms can include:

•   Bedwetting, when they'd learned how to use the toilet before

•   Forgetting how or being unable to talk

•   Acting out the scary event during playtime

•   Being unusually clingy with a parent or other adult.

Older children and teens usually show symptoms more like those seen in adults. They may also develop disruptive, disre­ spectful, or destructive behaviors. Older children and teens may feel guilty for not preventing injury or deaths. They may also
have thoughts of revenge. For more information, see the NIMH booklets on helping children cope with violence and disasters.

How is  PTSD detected?

A doctor who has experience helping people with mental illnesses, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, can diagnose PTSD. The diagnosis is made after the doctor talks with the person who has symptoms of PTSD.

To be diagnosed with PTSD, a person must have all of the following for at least 1 month:

•   At least one re-experiencing symptom

•   At least three avoidance symptoms

•   At least two hyperarousal symptoms

•   Symptoms that make it hard to go about daily life, go to school or work, be with friends, and take care of important tasks.

Why do some people get PTSD and other people do not?

It is important to remember that not everyone who lives through a dangerous event gets PTSD. In fact, most will not get the disorder.

Many factors play a part in whether a person will get PTSD. Some of these are risk factors that make a person more likely to get PTSD. Other factors, called  resilience factors, can help reduce the risk of the disorder. Some of these risk and resilience factors are present before the trauma and others become important  during and after a traumatic event.

Risk factors for PTSD include:

•   Living through dangerous events and traumas

•   Having a history of mental illness

•   Getting hurt

•   Seeing people hurt or killed

•   Feeling horror, helplessness, or extreme fear

•   Having little or no social support after the event

•   Dealing with extra stress after the event, such as loss of a loved one, pain and injury, or loss of a job or home.

Resilience factors that may reduce the risk of PTSD include:

•   Seeking out support from other people, such as friends and family

•   Finding a support group after a traumatic event

•   Feeling good about one's own actions in the face of danger

•   Having a coping strategy, or a way of getting through the bad event and learn­ing from it

•   Being able to act and respond effectively despite feeling fear.

Researchers are studying the importance of various risk and resilience factors. With more study, it may be possible someday to predict who is likely to get PTSD and prevent it.

How is  PTSD treated ?

The main treatments for people with PTSD are psychotherapy  ("talk" therapy), medications, or both. Everyone is different, so a treatment that works for one per­ son may not work for another. It is important for anyone with PTSD to be treated
by a mental health care provider who is experienced with PTSD. Some people with
PTSD need to try different treatments to find what works for their symptoms.

If someone with PTSD is going through an ongoing trauma, such as being in an abusive relationship, both of the problems need to be treated. Other ongoing prob­ lems can include panic disorder, depression, substance abuse, and feeling suicidal.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy is "talk" therapy. It involves talking with a mental health professional to treat a mental illness. Psychotherapy can occur one- on-one or in a group. Talk therapy treatment for PTSD usually lasts 6 to 12 weeks, but can take more time. Research shows that support from family and friends can be an important part of therapy.

Many types of psychotherapy can help people with PTSD. Some types target the symptoms of PTSD directly. Other therapies focus on social, family, or job-related problems. The doctor or therapist may combine different therapies depending on each person's needs.

One helpful therapy is called cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT. There are several parts to CBT, including:

•   Exposure therapy. This therapy helps people face and control their fear. It exposes them to the trauma they experienced in a safe way. It uses mental imagery, writing, or visits to the place where the event happened. The therapist uses these tools to help people with PTSD cope with their feelings.

•   Cognitive restructuring. This therapy helps people make sense of the bad memories. Sometimes people remember the event differently than how it hap­ pened. They may feel guilt or shame about what is not their fault. The therapist helps people with PTSD look at what happened in a realistic way.

•   Stress inoculation training. This therapy tries to reduce PTSD symptoms by teaching a person how to reduce anxiety. Like cognitive restructuring, this treat­ ment helps people look at their memories in a healthy way.

Other types of treatment can also help people with PTSD. People with PTSD should talk about all treatment options with their therapist.

How Talk Therapies Help People Overcome PTSD

Talk therapies teach people helpful ways to react to frightening events that trigger their PTSD
symptoms. Based on this general goal, different types of therapy may:

•  Teach about trauma and its effects.

•  Use relaxation and anger control skills.

•  Provide tips for better sleep, diet, and exercise habits.

•  Help people identify and deal with guilt, shame, and other feelings about the event.

•   Focus on changing how people react to their PTSD symptoms. For example, therapy helps
people visit places and people that are reminders of the trauma.

Medications

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two medications for treating adults with PTSD:

•   sertraline (Zoloft)

•   paroxetine (Paxil)

Both of these medications are antidepressants, which are also used to treat depression. They may help control PTSD symptoms such as sadness, worry,
anger, and feeling numb inside. Taking these medications may make it easier to go through psychotherapy.

Sometimes people taking these medications have side effects. The effects can be annoying, but they usually go away. However, medications affect everyone differently. Any side effects or unusual reactions should be reported to a doctor immediately.

The most common side effects of antidepressants like sertraline and paroxetine are:

•   Headache, which usually goes away within a few days.

•   Nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), which usually goes away within a few days.

•   Sleeplessness or drowsiness, which may occur during the first few weeks but then goes away. Sometimes the medication dose needs to be reduced or the time of day it is taken needs to be adjusted to help lessen these side effects.
•   Agitation (feeling jittery).

•   Sexual problems, which can affect both men and women, including reduced sex drive, and problems having and enjoying sex.

FDA Warning on Antidepressants

Despite the relative  safety and popularity  of SSRIs and other antidepressants, some studies have suggested that they may have unintentional effects on some people, especially adolescents and young adults. In 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted  a thorough  review
of published and unpublished controlled clinical trials of antidepressants that involved nearly
4,400 children and adolescents. The review revealed that 4 percent of those taking antidepres­ sants thought about or attempted suicide (although no suicides occurred), compared to 2 percent of those receiving placebos.

This information prompted the FDA, in 2005, to adopt a "black box" warning label on all antide­
pressant medications to alert the public about the potential increased risk of suicidal thinking
or attempts in children  and adolescents taking antidepressants.  In 2007, the FDA proposed that makers of all antidepressant medications extend the warning to include young adults up through age 24. A "black box" warning is the most serious type of warning on prescription drug labeling.

The warning emphasizes that patients of all ages taking antidepressants should be closely monitored, especially during the initial weeks of treatment. Possible side effects to look for are worsening depression, suicidal thinking or behavior, or any unusual changes in behavior such as sleeplessness, agitation, or withdrawal from normal social situations. The warning adds that families and caregivers should also be told of the need for close monitoring and report any
changes to the physician. The latest information  from the FDA can be found on their Web site at www.fda.gov.

Results of a comprehensive review of pediatric trials conducted between 1988 and 2006 sug­ gested that the benefits of antidepressant medications likely outweigh their risks to children and adolescents with major depression and anxiety disorders.4  The study was funded in part by the National Institute of Mental Health.

Other medications

Doctors may also prescribe other types of medications, such as the ones listed below. There is little information on how well these work for people with PTSD.

1. Benzodiazepines. These medications may be given to help people relax and sleep. People who take benzodiaz­
epines may have memory problems or become dependent on the medication.5

2. Antipsychotics. These medications are usually given to people with other mental disorders, like schizophrenia. People who take antipsychotics may gain weight and have a higher chance of getting heart disease and diabetes.

3. Other antidepressants. Like sertraline and paroxetine, the antidepressants fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa) can help people with PTSD feel less tense or sad. For people with PTSD who also have other anxiety disorders or depression, antidepressants may be useful in reducing symptoms of these co­ occurring illnesses.

Treatment after mass trauma 

Sometimes large numbers of people are affected by the same event. For example,
a lot of people needed help after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Most people will have some PTSD symptoms in the first few weeks after events like these. This is a normal and expected response to serious trauma, and for most people, symptoms generally lessen with time. Most people can be helped with basic support, such as:

•  Getting to a safe place

•  Seeing a doctor if injured

•  Getting food and water

•  Contacting loved ones or friends

•  Learning what is being done to help.

But some people do not get better on their own. A study of Hurricane Katrina survivors found that, over time, more people were having problems with PTSD, depression, and related mental disorders.This pattern is unlike the recovery from other natural disasters, where the number of people who have mental health prob­ lems gradually lessens. As communities try to rebuild after a mass trauma, people

may experience ongoing stress from loss of jobs and schools, and trouble paying bills, finding housing, and getting health care. This delay in community recovery may in turn delay recovery from PTSD.

In the first couple weeks after a mass trauma, brief versions of CBT may be helpful to some people who are having severe distress.7 Sometimes other treatments are used, but their effectiveness is not known. For example, there is growing interest in an approach called psychological first aid. The goal of this approach is to make people feel safe and secure, connect people to health care and other resources, and reduce stress reactions.8 There are guides for carrying out the treatment, but experts do not know yet if it helps prevent or treat PTSD.

In single-session psychological debriefing, another type of mass trauma treatment, survivors talk about the event and express their feelings one-on-one or in a group. Studies show that it is not likely to reduce distress or the risk for PTSD, and may actually increase distress and risk.9



Mass Trauma Affects Hospitals and Other Providers

Hospitals, health care systems, and health care providers are also  affected by a mass trauma. The number of people who need immediate  physical and psychological help may be too much for health systems
to handle. Some patients may not find help when they need it because  hospitals do not have enough staff or supplies. In some cases, health  care providers themselves may be struggling to recover as well.

NIMH scientists are working on this problem. For example, research­ ers are testing how to give CBT and other treatments  using the phone  and the Internet. In one study, people with  PTSD met with  a therapist
to learn about the disorder, made a list of things that trigger their symptoms, and learned basic ways to reduce stress. After this meeting, the participants could visit a Web site with more infor­ mation  about PTSD. Participants  could keep a log of their symptoms  and practice  coping  skills. Overall, the researchers found the Internet-based treatment helped reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression.10  These effects lasted after treatment ended.

Researchers will carry out more studies to find out if other such approaches to therapy can be helpful after mass trauma.

What efforts are under way to improve the detection and treatment of PTSD?

Researchers have learned a lot in the last decade about fear, stress, and PTSD. Scientists are also learning about how people form memories. This is important because creating very powerful fear-related memories seems to be a major part of PTSD. Researchers are also exploring how people can create "safety" memories to replace the bad memories that form after a trauma. NIMH's goal in supporting this research is to improve treatment and find ways to prevent the disorder.

PTSD research also includes the following examples:

•   Using powerful new research methods, such as brain imaging and the study of genes, to find out more about what leads to PTSD, when it happens, and who is most at risk.
•   Trying to understand why some people get PTSD and others do not. Knowing this can help health care profes­ sionals predict who might get PTSD and provide early treatment.
•   Focusing on ways to examine pre-trauma, trauma, and post-trauma risk and resilience factors all at once.
•   Looking for treatments that reduce the impact traumatic memories have on our emotions.
•   Improving the way people are screened for PTSD, given early treatment, and tracked after a mass trauma.
•   Developing new approaches in self-testing and screening to help people know when it's time to call a doctor.
•   Testing ways to help family doctors detect and treat PTSD or refer people with
PTSD to mental health specialists.

For more information on PTSD research, please see NIMH's PTSD Research Fact Sheet (online at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/post-traumatic­ stress-disorder-research-fact-sheet.shtml) or the PTSD Clinical Trials Web site page at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd. shtml.

How can I help a friend or relative who has PTSD?

If you know someone who has PTSD, it affects you too. The first and most important thing you can do to help a friend or relative is to help him or her get the right diagnosis and treatment. You may need to make an appointment for your friend or relative and go with him or her to see the doctor. Encourage him or her to stay in treatment, or to seek differ­
ent treatment if his or her symptoms don't get better after 6 to 8 weeks.

To help a friend or relative, you can:

•   Offer emotional support, understanding, patience, and encouragement.

•   Learn about PTSD so you can understand what your friend or relative is experiencing.

•   Talk to your friend or relative, and listen carefully.

•   Listen to feelings your friend or relative expresses and be understanding of situations that may trigger PTSD symptoms.

•   Invite your friend or relative out for positive distractions such as walks, outings, and other activities.

•   Remind your friend or relative that, with time and treatment, he or she can get better.

Never ignore comments about your friend or relative harming him or herself, and report such comments to your friend's or relative's therapist or doctor.

How can I help myself?

It may be very hard to take that first step to help yourself. It is important to realize that although it may take some time, with treatment, you can get better.

To help yourself:

•   Talk to your doctor about treatment options.

•   Engage in mild activity or exercise to help reduce stress.

•   Set realistic goals for yourself.

•   Break up large tasks into small ones, set some priorities, and do what you can as you can.

•   Try to spend time with other people and confide in a trusted friend or relative. Tell others about things that may trigger symptoms.

•   Expect your symptoms to improve gradually, not immediately.

•   Identify and seek out comforting situations, places, and people.

Where can I go for help?

If you are unsure where to go for help, ask your family doctor. Others who can help are listed below.

Mental health resources

•   Mental health specialists, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, or mental health counselors

•   Health maintenance organizations

•   Community mental health centers

•   Hospital psychiatry departments and outpatient clinics

•   Mental health programs at universities or medical schools

•   State hospital outpatient clinics

•   Family services, social agencies, or clergy

•   Peer support groups

•   Private clinics and facilities

•   Employee assistance programs

•   Local medical and/or psychiatric societies.

You can also check the phone book under "mental health," "health," "social ser­ vices," "hotlines," or "physicians" for phone numbers and addresses. An emer­ gency room doctor can also provide temporary help and can tell you where and how to get further help.

What if I or someone I know is  in crisis?

If you are thinking about harming yourself, or know someone who is, tell someone who can help immediately:

•   Call your doctor.

•   Call 911 or go to a hospital emergency room to get immediate help or ask a friend or family member to help you do these things.
•   Call the toll-free, 24-hour hotline of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at
1–800–273–TALK (1–800–273–8255); TTY: 1–800–799–4TTY (4889) to talk to a trained counselor.
•   Make sure you or the suicidal person is not left alone.

Citations

1.  Hamblen J. PTSD in Children and Adolescents: A National Center for PTSD Fact Sheet.  http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_children.html.  Accessed Veterans Administration Web site on February 10, 2006.

2.   Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in
trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Oct;68(5):748-66.

3.   Charney DS. Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: implications for successful
adaptation to extreme stress. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;161(2):195-216.

4.  Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB, Barbe RP, Birmaher B, Pincus HA, Ren L, Brent DA. Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association, 2007;
297(15): 1683-1696.

5.  PTSD Pharmacotherapy: VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines. http://www.oqp.med.va.gov/cpg/PTSD/ G/Interv_Sum508.pdf. Accessed on June 8, 2007.

6.   Kessler RC, Galea S, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Ursano RJ, Wessely S. Trends in mental illness and
suicidality after Hurricane Katrina. Mol Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;13(4):374-84. Epub 2008 Jan 8.

7.  Foa EB, Cahill SP, Boscarino JA, Hobfoll SE, Lahad M, McNally RJ, Solomon Z. Social, psychological, and psychiatric interventions following terrorist attacks: recommendations for practice and research. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 Oct;30(10):1806-17.

8.   Watson PJ, Shalev AY. Assessment and treatment of adult acute responses to traumatic stress
following mass traumatic events. CNS Spectr. 2005 Feb;10(2):123-31.

9.   Rose S, Bisson J, Churchill R, Wessely S. Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002 (2):CD000560.

10. Litz BT, Engel CC, Bryant RA, Papa A. A Randomized, Controlled Proof-of-Concept  Trial of an Internet­ Based, Therapist-Assisted Self-Management Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;164(11):1676-84.

For more information on  post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Visit the National Library of Medicine's: MedlinePlus:
http://medlineplus.gov

En Español:
http://medlineplus.gov/spanish

For information on clinical trials for PTSD:
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/trials/index.shtml

National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Database:
http://clinicaltrials.gov

Information from NIMH is available in multiple formats. You can browse online, download documents in PDF, and order paper brochures through the mail.
If you would like to have NIMH publications, you can order them online at:
http://www.nimh.nih.gov.

For the most up-to-date information on this topic, please check the NIMH Web site at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov.

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/01/2012 11:20:00 PM

[Naxalite Maoist India] Basaguda encounter - Fact finding Committee's Report and Video

Link to Video - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QJa3-HdUwE

Detailed Report of the Fact Finding Committee - 
http://www.countercurrents.org/crdo100712.htm

Brief Summary

An all-India fact-finding team of rights activists belonging to the Coordination of Democratic Rights Organisations (CDRO) visited the area in Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh where 17 adivasis died as a result of firing by CRPF forces on the night of June 28, 2012. The team visited the villages of Sarkeguda, Kottaguda and Rajpenta on July 6 and 7 and elicited information about the events.

About 60 adivasis of these three villages assembled from around 8 pm on June 28 in an open area between Sarkeguda and Kottaguda. Such meetings where decisions have to be taken collectively are usually held during the night since adivasis are busy with work most of the day.

While the meeting was going on, a large contingent of CRPF personnel and CoBRA (Commando Battalion for Resolute Action, a specialised anti-naxalite guerilla unit of the CRPF) commandos numbering well over a hundred, cordoned off the area. According to the villagers, at about 10 pm there was gunfire without any warning.

It was clear to the fact-finding team that a peaceful gathering of adivasis, none of whom carried any firearms, was surrounded by the CRPF and without any warning fired upon indiscriminately. As a result of this firing, 17 adivasis died. It was plain slaughter that night near Sarkeguda.

At the end of the day we left the villages and the villagers with the killer forces around them. Not only in Basaguda, many and many villages of central India are now surrounded with these killer forces, paramilitary force, with clear assignment of committing murder. This attitude of Indian state needs to be condemned from every quarters.

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Posted By Blogger to Naxalite Maoist India at 9/01/2012 10:21:00 PM